---
title: "DO"
id: sql-do
pg_version: "20devel"
---

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# DO — execute an anonymous code block

## Synopsis

```
DO [ LANGUAGE lang_name ] code
```

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## Description

`DO` executes an anonymous code block, or in other words a transient anonymous function in a procedural language. 

The code block is treated as though it were the body of a function with no parameters, returning `void`. It is parsed and executed a single time. 

The optional `LANGUAGE` clause can be written either before or after the code block. 

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## Parameters

**`code`**

 The procedural language code to be executed. This must be specified as a string literal, just as in `CREATE FUNCTION`. Use of a dollar-quoted literal is recommended. **`lang_name`**

 The name of the procedural language the code is written in. If omitted, the default is `plpgsql`. <a id="id-1.9.3.104.8"></a>

## Notes

The procedural language to be used must already have been installed into the current database by means of `CREATE EXTENSION`. `plpgsql` is installed by default, but other languages are not. 

The user must have `USAGE` privilege for the procedural language, or must be a superuser if the language is untrusted. This is the same privilege requirement as for creating a function in the language. 

If `DO` is executed in a transaction block, then the procedure code cannot execute transaction control statements. Transaction control statements are only allowed if `DO` is executed in its own transaction. 

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## Examples

Grant all privileges on all views in schema `public` to role `webuser`: 
DO $$DECLARE r record;
BEGIN
    FOR r IN SELECT table_schema, table_name FROM information_schema.tables
             WHERE table_type = 'VIEW' AND table_schema = 'public'
    LOOP
        EXECUTE 'GRANT ALL ON ' || quote_ident(r.table_schema) || '.' || quote_ident(r.table_name) || ' TO webuser';
    END LOOP;
END$$;


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## Compatibility

There is no `DO` statement in the SQL standard. 

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## See Also

[CREATE LANGUAGE](sql-createlanguage.md)