---
title: "Default Values"
id: ddl-default
pg_version: "20devel"
---

<a id="ddl-default"></a>

## 5.2. Default Values

A column can be assigned a default value. When a new row is created and no values are specified for some of the columns, those columns will be filled with their respective default values. A data manipulation command can also request explicitly that a column be set to its default value, without having to know what that value is. (Details about data manipulation commands are in [Chapter 6](dml.md).) 

 If no default value is declared explicitly, the default value is the null value. This usually makes sense because a null value can be considered to represent unknown data. 

In a table definition, default values are listed after the column data type. For example: 
CREATE TABLE products (
    product_no integer,
    name text,
    price numeric DEFAULT 9.99
);
 

The default value can be an expression, which will be evaluated whenever the default value is inserted (*not* when the table is created). A common example is for a `timestamp` column to have a default of `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`, so that it gets set to the time of row insertion. Another common example is generating a "serial number" for each row. In PostgreSQL this is typically done by something like: 
CREATE TABLE products (
    product_no integer DEFAULT nextval('products_product_no_seq'),
    ...
);
 where the `nextval()` function supplies successive values from a *sequence object* (see [Section 9.18](functions-sequence.md)). This arrangement is sufficiently common that there's a special shorthand for it: 
CREATE TABLE products (
    product_no SERIAL,
    ...
);
 The `SERIAL` shorthand is discussed further in [Section 8.1.4](datatype-numeric.md#datatype-serial).