---
title: "Server Administration"
id: admin
pg_version: "20devel"
---

Part III. Server AdministrationThis part covers topics that are of interest to a PostgreSQL administrator. This includes installation, configuration of the server, management of users and databases, and maintenance tasks. Anyone running PostgreSQL server, even for personal use, but especially in production, should be familiar with these topics. 

The information attempts to be in the order in which a new user should read it. The chapters are self-contained and can be read individually as desired. The information is presented in a narrative form in topical units. Readers looking for a complete description of a command are encouraged to review the [Part VI](reference.md). 

The first few chapters are written so they can be understood without prerequisite knowledge, so new users who need to set up their own server can begin their exploration. The rest of this part is about tuning and management; that material assumes that the reader is familiar with the general use of the PostgreSQL database system. Readers are encouraged review the [Part I](tutorial.md) and [Part II](sql.md) parts for additional information. 

## Table of Contents

- [16. Installation from Binaries](install-binaries.md)
- [17. Installation from Source Code](installation.md)
  - [17.1. Requirements](install-requirements.md)
  - [17.2. Getting the Source](install-getsource.md)
  - [17.3. Building and Installation with Autoconf and Make](install-make.md)
    - [17.3.1. Short Version](install-make.md#install-short-make)
    - [17.3.2. Installation Procedure](install-make.md#install-procedure-make)
    - [17.3.3. `configure` Options](install-make.md#configure-options)
    - [17.3.4. `configure` Environment Variables](install-make.md#configure-envvars)
  - [17.4. Building and Installation with Meson](install-meson.md)
    - [17.4.1. Short Version](install-meson.md#install-short-meson)
    - [17.4.2. Installation Procedure](install-meson.md#install-procedure-meson)
    - [17.4.3. `meson setup` Options](install-meson.md#meson-options)
    - [17.4.4. `meson` Build Targets](install-meson.md#targets-meson)
  - [17.5. Post-Installation Setup](install-post.md)
    - [17.5.1. Shared Libraries](install-post.md#install-post-shlibs)
    - [17.5.2. Environment Variables](install-post.md#install-post-env-vars)
  - [17.6. Supported Platforms](supported-platforms.md)
  - [17.7. Platform-Specific Notes](installation-platform-notes.md)
    - [17.7.1. AIX](installation-platform-notes.md#installation-notes-aix)
    - [17.7.2. Cygwin](installation-platform-notes.md#installation-notes-cygwin)
    - [17.7.3. macOS](installation-platform-notes.md#installation-notes-macos)
    - [17.7.4. MinGW](installation-platform-notes.md#installation-notes-mingw)
    - [17.7.5. Solaris](installation-platform-notes.md#installation-notes-solaris)
    - [17.7.6. Visual Studio](installation-platform-notes.md#installation-notes-visual-studio)
- [18. Server Setup and Operation](runtime.md)
  - [18.1. The PostgreSQL User Account](postgres-user.md)
  - [18.2. Creating a Database Cluster](creating-cluster.md)
    - [18.2.1. Use of Secondary File Systems](creating-cluster.md#creating-cluster-mount-points)
    - [18.2.2. File Systems](creating-cluster.md#creating-cluster-filesystem)
  - [18.3. Starting the Database Server](server-start.md)
    - [18.3.1. Server Start-up Failures](server-start.md#server-start-failures)
    - [18.3.2. Client Connection Problems](server-start.md#client-connection-problems)
  - [18.4. Managing Kernel Resources](kernel-resources.md)
    - [18.4.1. Shared Memory and Semaphores](kernel-resources.md#sysvipc)
    - [18.4.2. systemd RemoveIPC](kernel-resources.md#systemd-removeipc)
    - [18.4.3. Resource Limits](kernel-resources.md#kernel-resources-limits)
    - [18.4.4. Linux Memory Overcommit](kernel-resources.md#linux-memory-overcommit)
    - [18.4.5. Linux Huge Pages](kernel-resources.md#linux-huge-pages)
  - [18.5. Shutting Down the Server](server-shutdown.md)
  - [18.6. Upgrading a PostgreSQL Cluster](upgrading.md)
    - [18.6.1. Upgrading Data via pg_dumpall](upgrading.md#upgrading-via-pgdumpall)
    - [18.6.2. Upgrading Data via pg_upgrade](upgrading.md#upgrading-via-pg-upgrade)
    - [18.6.3. Upgrading Data via Replication](upgrading.md#upgrading-via-replication)
  - [18.7. Preventing Server Spoofing](preventing-server-spoofing.md)
  - [18.8. Encryption Options](encryption-options.md)
  - [18.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL](ssl-tcp.md)
    - [18.9.1. Basic Setup](ssl-tcp.md#ssl-setup)
    - [18.9.2. OpenSSL Configuration](ssl-tcp.md#ssl-openssl-config)
    - [18.9.3. Using Client Certificates](ssl-tcp.md#ssl-client-certificates)
    - [18.9.4. SSL Server File Usage](ssl-tcp.md#ssl-server-files)
    - [18.9.5. Creating Certificates](ssl-tcp.md#ssl-certificate-creation)
    - [18.9.6. SNI Configuration](ssl-tcp.md#ssl-sni)
  - [18.10. Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption](gssapi-enc.md)
    - [18.10.1. Basic Setup](gssapi-enc.md#gssapi-setup)
  - [18.11. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels](ssh-tunnels.md)
  - [18.12. Registering Event Log on Windows](event-log-registration.md)
- [19. Server Configuration](runtime-config.md)
  - [19.1. Setting Parameters](config-setting.md)
    - [19.1.1. Parameter Names and Values](config-setting.md#config-setting-names-values)
    - [19.1.2. Parameter Interaction via the Configuration File](config-setting.md#config-setting-configuration-file)
    - [19.1.3. Parameter Interaction via SQL](config-setting.md#config-setting-sql)
    - [19.1.4. Parameter Interaction via the Shell](config-setting.md#config-setting-shell)
    - [19.1.5. Managing Configuration File Contents](config-setting.md#config-includes)
  - [19.2. File Locations](runtime-config-file-locations.md)
  - [19.3. Connections and Authentication](runtime-config-connection.md)
    - [19.3.1. Connection Settings](runtime-config-connection.md#runtime-config-connection-settings)
    - [19.3.2. TCP Settings](runtime-config-connection.md#runtime-config-tcp-settings)
    - [19.3.3. Authentication](runtime-config-connection.md#runtime-config-connection-authentication)
    - [19.3.4. SSL](runtime-config-connection.md#runtime-config-connection-ssl)
  - [19.4. Resource Consumption](runtime-config-resource.md)
    - [19.4.1. Memory](runtime-config-resource.md#runtime-config-resource-memory)
    - [19.4.2. Disk](runtime-config-resource.md#runtime-config-resource-disk)
    - [19.4.3. Kernel Resource Usage](runtime-config-resource.md#runtime-config-resource-kernel)
    - [19.4.4. Timing](runtime-config-resource.md#runtime-config-resource-time)
    - [19.4.5. Background Writer](runtime-config-resource.md#runtime-config-resource-background-writer)
    - [19.4.6. I/O](runtime-config-resource.md#runtime-config-resource-io)
    - [19.4.7. Worker Processes](runtime-config-resource.md#runtime-config-resource-worker-processes)
  - [19.5. Write Ahead Log](runtime-config-wal.md)
    - [19.5.1. Settings](runtime-config-wal.md#runtime-config-wal-settings)
    - [19.5.2. Checkpoints](runtime-config-wal.md#runtime-config-wal-checkpoints)
    - [19.5.3. Archiving](runtime-config-wal.md#runtime-config-wal-archiving)
    - [19.5.4. Recovery](runtime-config-wal.md#runtime-config-wal-recovery)
    - [19.5.5. Archive Recovery](runtime-config-wal.md#runtime-config-wal-archive-recovery)
    - [19.5.6. Recovery Target](runtime-config-wal.md#runtime-config-wal-recovery-target)
    - [19.5.7. WAL Summarization](runtime-config-wal.md#runtime-config-wal-summarization)
  - [19.6. Replication](runtime-config-replication.md)
    - [19.6.1. Sending Servers](runtime-config-replication.md#runtime-config-replication-sender)
    - [19.6.2. Primary Server](runtime-config-replication.md#runtime-config-replication-primary)
    - [19.6.3. Standby Servers](runtime-config-replication.md#runtime-config-replication-standby)
    - [19.6.4. Subscribers](runtime-config-replication.md#runtime-config-replication-subscriber)
  - [19.7. Query Planning](runtime-config-query.md)
    - [19.7.1. Planner Method Configuration](runtime-config-query.md#runtime-config-query-enable)
    - [19.7.2. Planner Cost Constants](runtime-config-query.md#runtime-config-query-constants)
    - [19.7.3. Genetic Query Optimizer](runtime-config-query.md#runtime-config-query-geqo)
    - [19.7.4. Other Planner Options](runtime-config-query.md#runtime-config-query-other)
  - [19.8. Error Reporting and Logging](runtime-config-logging.md)
    - [19.8.1. Where to Log](runtime-config-logging.md#runtime-config-logging-where)
    - [19.8.2. When to Log](runtime-config-logging.md#runtime-config-logging-when)
    - [19.8.3. What to Log](runtime-config-logging.md#runtime-config-logging-what)
    - [19.8.4. Using CSV-Format Log Output](runtime-config-logging.md#runtime-config-logging-csvlog)
    - [19.8.5. Using JSON-Format Log Output](runtime-config-logging.md#runtime-config-logging-jsonlog)
    - [19.8.6. Process Title](runtime-config-logging.md#runtime-config-logging-proc-title)
  - [19.9. Run-time Statistics](runtime-config-statistics.md)
    - [19.9.1. Cumulative Query and Index Statistics](runtime-config-statistics.md#runtime-config-cumulative-statistics)
    - [19.9.2. Statistics Monitoring](runtime-config-statistics.md#runtime-config-statistics-monitor)
  - [19.10. Vacuuming](runtime-config-vacuum.md)
    - [19.10.1. Automatic Vacuuming](runtime-config-vacuum.md#runtime-config-autovacuum)
    - [19.10.2. Cost-based Vacuum Delay](runtime-config-vacuum.md#runtime-config-resource-vacuum-cost)
    - [19.10.3. Default Behavior](runtime-config-vacuum.md#runtime-config-vacuum-default)
    - [19.10.4. Freezing](runtime-config-vacuum.md#runtime-config-vacuum-freezing)
  - [19.11. Client Connection Defaults](runtime-config-client.md)
    - [19.11.1. Statement Behavior](runtime-config-client.md#runtime-config-client-statement)
    - [19.11.2. Locale and Formatting](runtime-config-client.md#runtime-config-client-format)
    - [19.11.3. Shared Library Preloading](runtime-config-client.md#runtime-config-client-preload)
    - [19.11.4. Other Defaults](runtime-config-client.md#runtime-config-client-other)
  - [19.12. Lock Management](runtime-config-locks.md)
  - [19.13. Version and Platform Compatibility](runtime-config-compatible.md)
    - [19.13.1. Previous PostgreSQL Versions](runtime-config-compatible.md#runtime-config-compatible-version)
    - [19.13.2. Platform and Client Compatibility](runtime-config-compatible.md#runtime-config-compatible-clients)
  - [19.14. Error Handling](runtime-config-error-handling.md)
  - [19.15. Preset Options](runtime-config-preset.md)
  - [19.16. Customized Options](runtime-config-custom.md)
  - [19.17. Developer Options](runtime-config-developer.md)
  - [19.18. Short Options](runtime-config-short.md)
- [20. Client Authentication](client-authentication.md)
  - [20.1. The `pg_hba.conf` File](auth-pg-hba-conf.md)
  - [20.2. User Name Maps](auth-username-maps.md)
  - [20.3. Authentication Methods](auth-methods.md)
  - [20.4. Trust Authentication](auth-trust.md)
  - [20.5. Password Authentication](auth-password.md)
  - [20.6. GSSAPI Authentication](gssapi-auth.md)
  - [20.7. SSPI Authentication](sspi-auth.md)
  - [20.8. Ident Authentication](auth-ident.md)
  - [20.9. Peer Authentication](auth-peer.md)
  - [20.10. LDAP Authentication](auth-ldap.md)
  - [20.11. Certificate Authentication](auth-cert.md)
  - [20.12. PAM Authentication](auth-pam.md)
  - [20.13. BSD Authentication](auth-bsd.md)
  - [20.14. OAuth Authorization/Authentication](auth-oauth.md)
  - [20.15. Authentication Problems](client-authentication-problems.md)
- [21. Database Roles](user-manag.md)
  - [21.1. Database Roles](database-roles.md)
  - [21.2. Role Attributes](role-attributes.md)
  - [21.3. Role Membership](role-membership.md)
  - [21.4. Dropping Roles](role-removal.md)
  - [21.5. Predefined Roles](predefined-roles.md)
  - [21.6. Function Security](perm-functions.md)
- [22. Managing Databases](managing-databases.md)
  - [22.1. Overview](manage-ag-overview.md)
  - [22.2. Creating a Database](manage-ag-createdb.md)
  - [22.3. Template Databases](manage-ag-templatedbs.md)
  - [22.4. Database Configuration](manage-ag-config.md)
  - [22.5. Destroying a Database](manage-ag-dropdb.md)
  - [22.6. Tablespaces](manage-ag-tablespaces.md)
- [23. Localization](charset.md)
  - [23.1. Locale Support](locale.md)
    - [23.1.1. Overview](locale.md#locale-overview)
    - [23.1.2. Behavior](locale.md#locale-behavior)
    - [23.1.3. Selecting Locales](locale.md#locale-selecting-locales)
    - [23.1.4. Locale Providers](locale.md#locale-providers)
    - [23.1.5. ICU Locales](locale.md#icu-locales)
    - [23.1.6. Problems](locale.md#locale-problems)
  - [23.2. Collation Support](collation.md)
    - [23.2.1. Concepts](collation.md#collation-concepts)
    - [23.2.2. Managing Collations](collation.md#collation-managing)
    - [23.2.3. ICU Custom Collations](collation.md#icu-custom-collations)
  - [23.3. Character Set Support](multibyte.md)
    - [23.3.1. Supported Character Sets](multibyte.md#multibyte-charset-supported)
    - [23.3.2. Setting the Character Set](multibyte.md#multibyte-setting)
    - [23.3.3. Automatic Character Set Conversion Between Server and Client](multibyte.md#multibyte-automatic-conversion)
    - [23.3.4. Available Character Set Conversions](multibyte.md#multibyte-conversions-supported)
    - [23.3.5. Further Reading](multibyte.md#multibyte-further-reading)
- [24. Routine Database Maintenance Tasks](maintenance.md)
  - [24.1. Routine Vacuuming](routine-vacuuming.md)
    - [24.1.1. Vacuuming Basics](routine-vacuuming.md#vacuum-basics)
    - [24.1.2. Recovering Disk Space](routine-vacuuming.md#vacuum-for-space-recovery)
    - [24.1.3. Updating Planner Statistics](routine-vacuuming.md#vacuum-for-statistics)
    - [24.1.4. Updating the Visibility Map](routine-vacuuming.md#vacuum-for-visibility-map)
    - [24.1.5. Preventing Transaction ID Wraparound Failures](routine-vacuuming.md#vacuum-for-wraparound)
    - [24.1.6. The Autovacuum Daemon](routine-vacuuming.md#autovacuum)
    - [24.1.7. Parallel Vacuum](routine-vacuuming.md#parallel-vacuum)
  - [24.2. Routine Reindexing](routine-reindex.md)
  - [24.3. Log File Maintenance](logfile-maintenance.md)
- [25. Backup and Restore](backup.md)
  - [25.1. SQL Dump](backup-dump.md)
    - [25.1.1. Restoring the Dump](backup-dump.md#backup-dump-restore)
    - [25.1.2. Using pg_dumpall](backup-dump.md#backup-dump-all)
    - [25.1.3. Handling Large Databases](backup-dump.md#backup-dump-large)
  - [25.2. File System Level Backup](backup-file.md)
  - [25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)](continuous-archiving.md)
    - [25.3.1. Setting Up WAL Archiving](continuous-archiving.md#backup-archiving-wal)
    - [25.3.2. Making a Base Backup](continuous-archiving.md#backup-base-backup)
    - [25.3.3. Making an Incremental Backup](continuous-archiving.md#backup-incremental-backup)
    - [25.3.4. Making a Base Backup Using the Low Level API](continuous-archiving.md#backup-lowlevel-base-backup)
    - [25.3.5. Recovering Using a Continuous Archive Backup](continuous-archiving.md#backup-pitr-recovery)
    - [25.3.6. Timelines](continuous-archiving.md#backup-timelines)
    - [25.3.7. Tips and Examples](continuous-archiving.md#backup-tips)
    - [25.3.8. Caveats](continuous-archiving.md#continuous-archiving-caveats)
- [26. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication](high-availability.md)
  - [26.1. Comparison of Different Solutions](different-replication-solutions.md)
  - [26.2. Log-Shipping Standby Servers](warm-standby.md)
    - [26.2.1. Planning](warm-standby.md#standby-planning)
    - [26.2.2. Standby Server Operation](warm-standby.md#standby-server-operation)
    - [26.2.3. Preparing the Primary for Standby Servers](warm-standby.md#preparing-primary-for-standby)
    - [26.2.4. Setting Up a Standby Server](warm-standby.md#standby-server-setup)
    - [26.2.5. Streaming Replication](warm-standby.md#streaming-replication)
    - [26.2.6. Replication Slots](warm-standby.md#streaming-replication-slots)
    - [26.2.7. Cascading Replication](warm-standby.md#cascading-replication)
    - [26.2.8. Synchronous Replication](warm-standby.md#synchronous-replication)
    - [26.2.9. Read-Your-Writes Consistency](warm-standby.md#read-your-writes-consistency)
    - [26.2.10. Continuous Archiving in Standby](warm-standby.md#continuous-archiving-in-standby)
  - [26.3. Failover](warm-standby-failover.md)
  - [26.4. Hot Standby](hot-standby.md)
    - [26.4.1. User's Overview](hot-standby.md#hot-standby-users)
    - [26.4.2. Handling Query Conflicts](hot-standby.md#hot-standby-conflict)
    - [26.4.3. Administrator's Overview](hot-standby.md#hot-standby-admin)
    - [26.4.4. Hot Standby Parameter Reference](hot-standby.md#hot-standby-parameters)
    - [26.4.5. Caveats](hot-standby.md#hot-standby-caveats)
- [27. Monitoring Database Activity](monitoring.md)
  - [27.1. Standard Unix Tools](monitoring-ps.md)
  - [27.2. The Cumulative Statistics System](monitoring-stats.md)
    - [27.2.1. Statistics Collection Configuration](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-stats-setup)
    - [27.2.2. Viewing Statistics](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-stats-views)
    - [27.2.3. pg_stat_activity](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-activity-view)
    - [27.2.4. pg_stat_replication](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-replication-view)
    - [27.2.5. pg_stat_replication_slots](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-replication-slots-view)
    - [27.2.6. pg_stat_wal_receiver](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-wal-receiver-view)
    - [27.2.7. pg_stat_recovery](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-view)
    - [27.2.8. pg_stat_recovery_prefetch](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-prefetch)
    - [27.2.9. pg_stat_subscription](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-subscription)
    - [27.2.10. pg_stat_subscription_stats](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-subscription-stats)
    - [27.2.11. pg_stat_ssl](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-ssl-view)
    - [27.2.12. pg_stat_gssapi](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-gssapi-view)
    - [27.2.13. pg_stat_archiver](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-archiver-view)
    - [27.2.14. pg_stat_io](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-io-view)
    - [27.2.15. pg_stat_kind_info](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-kind-info-view)
    - [27.2.16. pg_stat_lock](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-lock-view)
    - [27.2.17. pg_stat_bgwriter](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-bgwriter-view)
    - [27.2.18. pg_stat_checkpointer](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-checkpointer-view)
    - [27.2.19. pg_stat_wal](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-wal-view)
    - [27.2.20. pg_stat_database](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-database-view)
    - [27.2.21. pg_stat_database_conflicts](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-database-conflicts-view)
    - [27.2.22. pg_stat_all_tables](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-all-tables-view)
    - [27.2.23. pg_stat_autovacuum_scores](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-autovacuum-scores-view)
    - [27.2.24. pg_stat_all_indexes](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-all-indexes-view)
    - [27.2.25. pg_statio_all_tables](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-statio-all-tables-view)
    - [27.2.26. pg_statio_all_indexes](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-statio-all-indexes-view)
    - [27.2.27. pg_statio_all_sequences](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-statio-all-sequences-view)
    - [27.2.28. pg_stat_user_functions](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-user-functions-view)
    - [27.2.29. pg_stat_slru](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-pg-stat-slru-view)
    - [27.2.30. Statistics Functions](monitoring-stats.md#monitoring-stats-functions)
  - [27.3. Viewing Locks](monitoring-locks.md)
  - [27.4. Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.md)
    - [27.4.1. ANALYZE Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.md#analyze-progress-reporting)
    - [27.4.2. CLUSTER Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.md#cluster-progress-reporting)
    - [27.4.3. COPY Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.md#copy-progress-reporting)
    - [27.4.4. CREATE INDEX Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.md#create-index-progress-reporting)
    - [27.4.5. REPACK Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.md#repack-progress-reporting)
    - [27.4.6. VACUUM Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.md#vacuum-progress-reporting)
    - [27.4.7. Base Backup Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.md#basebackup-progress-reporting)
    - [27.4.8. Data Checksum Progress Reporting](progress-reporting.md#data-checksum-progress-reporting)
  - [27.5. Dynamic Tracing](dynamic-trace.md)
    - [27.5.1. Compiling for Dynamic Tracing](dynamic-trace.md#compiling-for-trace)
    - [27.5.2. Built-in Probes](dynamic-trace.md#trace-points)
    - [27.5.3. Using Probes](dynamic-trace.md#using-trace-points)
    - [27.5.4. Defining New Probes](dynamic-trace.md#defining-trace-points)
  - [27.6. Monitoring Disk Usage](diskusage.md)
    - [27.6.1. Determining Disk Usage](diskusage.md#disk-usage)
    - [27.6.2. Disk Full Failure](diskusage.md#disk-full)
- [28. Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log](wal.md)
  - [28.1. Reliability](wal-reliability.md)
  - [28.2. Data Checksums](checksums.md)
    - [28.2.1. Offline Enabling of Checksums](checksums.md#checksums-offline-enable-disable)
    - [28.2.2. Online Enabling of Checksums](checksums.md#checksums-online-enable-disable)
  - [28.3. Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)](wal-intro.md)
  - [28.4. Asynchronous Commit](wal-async-commit.md)
  - [28.5. WAL Configuration](wal-configuration.md)
  - [28.6. WAL Internals](wal-internals.md)
- [29. Logical Replication](logical-replication.md)
  - [29.1. Publication](logical-replication-publication.md)
    - [29.1.1. Replica Identity](logical-replication-publication.md#logical-replication-publication-replica-identity)
  - [29.2. Subscription](logical-replication-subscription.md)
    - [29.2.1. Logical Replication Slot Management](logical-replication-subscription.md#logical-replication-subscription-slot)
    - [29.2.2. Examples: Set Up Logical Replication](logical-replication-subscription.md#logical-replication-subscription-examples)
    - [29.2.3. Examples: Deferred Logical Replication Slot Creation](logical-replication-subscription.md#logical-replication-subscription-examples-deferred-slot)
  - [29.3. Logical Replication Failover](logical-replication-failover.md)
  - [29.4. Row Filters](logical-replication-row-filter.md)
    - [29.4.1. Row Filter Rules](logical-replication-row-filter.md#logical-replication-row-filter-rules)
    - [29.4.2. Expression Restrictions](logical-replication-row-filter.md#logical-replication-row-filter-restrictions)
    - [29.4.3. UPDATE Transformations](logical-replication-row-filter.md#logical-replication-row-filter-transformations)
    - [29.4.4. Partitioned Tables](logical-replication-row-filter.md#logical-replication-row-filter-partitioned-table)
    - [29.4.5. Initial Data Synchronization](logical-replication-row-filter.md#logical-replication-row-filter-initial-data-sync)
    - [29.4.6. Combining Multiple Row Filters](logical-replication-row-filter.md#logical-replication-row-filter-combining)
    - [29.4.7. Examples](logical-replication-row-filter.md#logical-replication-row-filter-examples)
  - [29.5. Column Lists](logical-replication-col-lists.md)
    - [29.5.1. Examples](logical-replication-col-lists.md#logical-replication-col-list-examples)
  - [29.6. Generated Column Replication](logical-replication-gencols.md)
  - [29.7. Replicating Sequences](logical-replication-sequences.md)
    - [29.7.1. Sequence Definition Mismatches](logical-replication-sequences.md#sequence-definition-mismatches)
    - [29.7.2. Refreshing Out-of-Sync Sequences](logical-replication-sequences.md#sequences-out-of-sync)
    - [29.7.3. Examples](logical-replication-sequences.md#logical-replication-sequences-examples)
  - [29.8. Conflicts](logical-replication-conflicts.md)
  - [29.9. Restrictions](logical-replication-restrictions.md)
  - [29.10. Architecture](logical-replication-architecture.md)
    - [29.10.1. Initial Snapshot](logical-replication-architecture.md#logical-replication-snapshot)
  - [29.11. Monitoring](logical-replication-monitoring.md)
  - [29.12. Security](logical-replication-security.md)
  - [29.13. Configuration Settings](logical-replication-config.md)
    - [29.13.1. Publishers](logical-replication-config.md#logical-replication-config-publisher)
    - [29.13.2. Subscribers](logical-replication-config.md#logical-replication-config-subscriber)
  - [29.14. Upgrade](logical-replication-upgrade.md)
    - [29.14.1. Prepare for Publisher Upgrades](logical-replication-upgrade.md#prepare-publisher-upgrades)
    - [29.14.2. Prepare for Subscriber Upgrades](logical-replication-upgrade.md#prepare-subscriber-upgrades)
    - [29.14.3. Upgrading Logical Replication Clusters](logical-replication-upgrade.md#upgrading-logical-replication-clusters)
  - [29.15. Quick Setup](logical-replication-quick-setup.md)
- [30. Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT)](jit.md)
  - [30.1. What Is JIT compilation?](jit-reason.md)
    - [30.1.1. JIT Accelerated Operations](jit-reason.md#jit-accelerated-operations)
    - [30.1.2. Inlining](jit-reason.md#jit-inlining)
    - [30.1.3. Optimization](jit-reason.md#jit-optimization)
  - [30.2. When to JIT?](jit-decision.md)
  - [30.3. Configuration](jit-configuration.md)
  - [30.4. Extensibility](jit-extensibility.md)
    - [30.4.1. Inlining Support for Extensions](jit-extensibility.md#jit-extensibility-bitcode)
    - [30.4.2. Pluggable JIT Providers](jit-extensibility.md#jit-pluggable)
- [31. Regression Tests](regress.md)
  - [31.1. Running the Tests](regress-run.md)
    - [31.1.1. Running the Tests Against a Temporary Installation](regress-run.md#regress-run-temp-inst)
    - [31.1.2. Running the Tests Against an Existing Installation](regress-run.md#regress-run-existing-inst)
    - [31.1.3. Running Specific Tests](regress-run.md#regress-subset)
    - [31.1.4. Additional Test Suites](regress-run.md#regress-additional)
    - [31.1.5. Locale and Encoding](regress-run.md#regress-run-locale)
    - [31.1.6. Path Substitution](regress-run.md#regress-run-path-substitution)
    - [31.1.7. Custom Server Settings](regress-run.md#regress-run-custom-settings)
    - [31.1.8. Extra Tests](regress-run.md#regress-run-extra-tests)
  - [31.2. Test Evaluation](regress-evaluation.md)
    - [31.2.1. Error Message Differences](regress-evaluation.md#regress-evaluation-message-differences)
    - [31.2.2. Locale Differences](regress-evaluation.md#regress-evaluation-locale-differences)
    - [31.2.3. Date and Time Differences](regress-evaluation.md#regress-evaluation-date-time-differences)
    - [31.2.4. Floating-Point Differences](regress-evaluation.md#regress-evaluation-float-differences)
    - [31.2.5. Row Ordering Differences](regress-evaluation.md#regress-evaluation-ordering-differences)
    - [31.2.6. Insufficient Stack Depth](regress-evaluation.md#regress-evaluation-stack-depth)
    - [31.2.7. The "random" Test](regress-evaluation.md#regress-evaluation-random-test)
    - [31.2.8. Configuration Parameters](regress-evaluation.md#regress-evaluation-config-params)
  - [31.3. Variant Comparison Files](regress-variant.md)
  - [31.4. TAP Tests](regress-tap.md)
    - [31.4.1. Environment Variables](regress-tap.md#regress-tap-vars)
  - [31.5. Test Coverage Examination](regress-coverage.md)
    - [31.5.1. Coverage with Autoconf and Make](regress-coverage.md#regress-coverage-configure)
    - [31.5.2. Coverage with Meson](regress-coverage.md#regress-coverage-meson)